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【英國礦業01】坑內情形

 

「大英圖書館」(The British Library)開放超過百萬張復古藝術插圖,供使用者免費下載,亦能夠再利用(Re-use)而不受版權限制。無論是需要一些復古視覺元素,或者純粹想要尋找靈感,都能將這個免費資源加入書籤,以便日後隨時使用。

大英圖書館這次釋出的項目包括一系列插圖、設計或真正的老圖片(有許多早期的插畫,例如腳踏車、書籍封面設計、船、兒童讀本等等),由館方數位研究團隊從超過六萬五千本的館藏書籍內擷取出來,年代橫跨 17、18 和 19 世紀。

這些插圖被放置於大英博物館的 Flickr 頁面,許多年份超過百年以上,相片為公有領域(Public Domain)形式,因此館方也鼓勵使用者能多多探索及下載使用,以提高這些素材的功用,使它們能夠發揮更多意想不到的效果。

網站名稱:The British Library’s Flickr
網站鏈結:https://www.flickr.com/photos/britishlibrary/

British Library digitised image from page 10 of "A Text-Book of Coal-Mining ... Second edition, etc"

出處:
說明:煤層不厚,礦工坐著挖煤。

British Library digitised image from page 184 of "Gately's World's Progress. A general history of the earth's construction and of the advancement of mankind ... Edited by C. E. Beale. Édition de luxe"

出處:
說明:坑內工作情形

British Library digitised image from page 35 of "Miners and their works underground. Stories of the mining of coal, etc"

Title:after the explosion
出處:
說明:坑內爆炸後一景

British Library digitised image from page 284 of "A Comprehensive Reference Book on Practical Coal Mining ... Fourth edition"

出處:
說明:坑內支柱架設(六角型)

British Library digitised image from page 283 of "A Comprehensive Reference Book on Practical Coal Mining ... Fourth edition"

出處:
說明:坑內支柱架設(四角型)

British Library digitised image from page 63 of "Miners and their works underground. Stories of the mining of coal, etc"

Title:undercutting thin coal
出處:
說明:遇到薄層煤,礦工就需要側躺或斜坐方式挖煤。

 

British Library digitised image from page 110 of "Coal, Iron, and Oil; or, the Practical American miner. A plain and popular work on our mines and mineral resources ... With numerous maps and engravings, etc"


出處:
說明:遇到薄層煤,礦工就需要側躺或斜坐方式挖煤。

British Library digitised image from page 7 of "Miners and their works underground. Stories of the mining of coal, etc"

出處:

說明:遇到薄層煤,礦工就需要側躺或斜坐方式挖煤。

British Library digitised image from page 725 of "King's Hand-book of the United States planned and edited by M. King. Text by M. F. Sweetser ... Illustrations, etc"

出處:按
說明:鑽孔機

British Library digitised image from page 206 of "Mining. An elementary treatise on the getting of minerals"

出處:
說明:有時採煤面會設計成自動洩煤到台車上,節省人力。

British Library digitised image from page 61 of "Miners and their works underground. Stories of the mining of coal, etc"

出處:
說明:架設支柱撐住頂磐

British Library digitised image from page 129 of "Miners and their works underground. Stories of the mining of coal, etc"

出處:
說明:空壓鑽孔機

British Library digitised image from page 198 of "Gately's World's Progress. A general history of the earth's construction and of the advancement of mankind ... Edited by C. E. Beale. Édition de luxe"

出處:
說明:利用風壓機挖煤、掘進

Colo-Utah Supply Co. Coal Mine, Harris Colo., Denver & Salt Lake R. R.

Title:Colo-Utah Supply Co. Coal Mine, Harris Colo., Denver & Salt Lake R. R.(1915?)

出處: (丹佛圖書館)
說明:坑內支柱及軌道架設,支柱與頂磐之間不能有空隙,接觸點要成「面」狀。

Mouth of slope, 18 ft vein, sec 2

Title:Mouth of slope, 18 ft vein, sec 2(1910)

出處: (丹佛圖書館)
說明:較有規模或財力雄厚的礦場,其坑內支柱架設較紮實與完整。台灣有些礦場會用水泥或軌道條建置。

 

 

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