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【美國礦業05】煤礦場周遭

 

        預計製作【歐美礦業雜談】系列文,因為在這礦業逐漸讓人遺忘的年代,「今日不做,明天就會後悔」,而身為礦工之子的筆者,對台灣經濟發展曾作出貢獻的煤礦業,要努力記錄。

Dump Truck (Burns Bros. Coal Co.)

Title:Dump Truck (Burns Bros. Coal Co.)(1932-2010)

出處:

說明:煤礦場外的廢石堆,圖左上似是卸石卡車。當廢石愈堆愈高時,一般需要架設軌道及捲揚機,讓廢土從高處往下傾倒,故常見的廢土堆外觀皆是圓錐狀。

 

Row of Bachelor Shacks At Scott’s Run, West Virginia Mines

Title:Row of Bachelor Shacks At Scott’s Run, West Virginia Mines(1936)

出處:

說明:當礦場周遭平地不夠,就會將廢石往坑谷、溪流旁傾倒,除讓廢石有去處外,將地面打平,可以蓋道路、廠房或工寮。

 

Coal—The Towering Breaker

Title:Coal—The Towering Breaker(1908)

出處:

說明:煤礦場洗選煤及降煤運輸系統。侯硐瑞三洗選煤場與之類似。

 

Coal—The Great Incline, Breaker, Mahanoy City

Title:Coal—The Great Incline, Breaker, Mahanoy City(1908)

出處:

說明:煤礦場洗選煤及降煤運輸系統,畫家將斜坡軌道誇大。

 

Gibson's Breaker, Rushdale, Pennsylvania

Title:Gibson’s Breaker, Rushdale, Pennsylvania(1860s)

This study of an enormous wooden coal breaker was produced for the Delaware and Hudson Canal Company, which was founded in 1823 to carry anthracite coal from mines in Carbondale, Pennsylvania, to New York City. The photograph provides a visual antecedent to the work of Charles Sheeler, Walker Evans, and the German photographers Bernd and Hilla Becher – the start of a tradition of documenting the industrial vernacular.

出處:

說明:煤礦洗選煤廠房,圖中磚造煙囪應是提供動力的蒸氣鍋爐所在。

 

Penn’a Coal Co’s machine shops at Dunmore.

Title:Penn’a Coal Co’s machine shops at Dunmore.(1850 – 1930)


出處:

說明:煤礦場的機械間。採礦工作大量利用機械,成本降低,才有競爭力。

 

The head of No. 7 plane.

Title:The head of No. 7 plane.(1850 – 1930)


出處:

說明:應該是廢石堆頂的捲揚機,軌道上2條鋼索是牽引台車用,將台車拉上再傾倒。

A Wooden Breaker.

Title:A Wooden Breaker.(1860 – 1920)


出處:

說明:煤礦場洗選廠房及運輸系統。

 

Coal conveyor

Title:Coal conveyor(1860 – 1920)


出處:

說明:煤炭輸送機及運輸系統,右方為蒸氣鍋爐房,提供礦區動力,但似無看到排水溝渠?

 

Coal : miners, mining and shipment

Title:Coal : miners, mining and shipment(1858)


出處:

說明:早期採煤方式及運輸系統。

 

Vladimer [Vladimir] Coal Shaft

Title:Vladimer [Vladimir] Coal Shaft(1894-1905)


出處:

說明:類似台灣所謂的山皮坑,設施簡陋。

Country bank mine

Title:Country bank mine.(1860-1920)


出處:

說明:類似早期山皮坑。

 

Surface buildings and tracks of a coal mine

Title:Surface buildings and tracks of a coal mine(1860-1920)


出處:

說明:煤礦場運輸系統。

 

Workers near coke ovens

Title:Workers near coke ovens(1880-1910?)
出處: (丹佛圖書館)
說明:焦炭煉製,右方爐頂有運煤台車。

 

Coke ovens at El Moro

Title:Coke ovens at El Moro(1877-1900?)

出處: (丹佛圖書館)
說明:煉焦爐,左下方有防火磚,上有台車及軌道。

 

出處: (丹佛圖書館)
說明:礦場外堆放大量木條,以便坑內支撐之用。

 

Loaded coal car at Pryor, Colorado

Title:Loaded coal car at Pryor, Colorado(1940-1960)

出處: (丹佛圖書館)
說明:塊煤、粉煤分開銷售,價格較高。

 

Coal dumping device, McGregor Mine

Title:Coal dumping device, McGregor Mine(1915?)

出處: (丹佛圖書館)
說明:大型翻車台,一次可容納多輛台車。

 

Coal dumping device, McGregor Mine

Title:Coal dumping device, McGregor Mine(1915?)

出處: (丹佛圖書館)
說明:上方是翻車台,右方則是輸送帶。

 

Miner playing dead

Title:Miner playing dead(1901-1920?)

出處: (丹佛圖書館)
說明:在國外可見到不少礦工坐在台車上,此圖不知是演戲還是掉落受傷,但在台灣的煤礦場,是嚴禁站在台車外,隨車出坑或入坑。若要搭台車一定要在車內且蹲下,因為發生太多意外了。

 

The big steam hoist

Title:The big steam hoist(1963)

出處: (丹佛圖書館)
說明:蒸氣捲揚機。台灣普遍是斜坑,所以圖中的鋼索方向是往下。

 

 

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